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² 人機(jī)工程學(xué)介紹What is ergonomics?
人機(jī)工程學(xué)旨在研究人類的各項(xiàng)機(jī)能(人體測(cè)量學(xué)和生物力學(xué)等)，從而打造最優(yōu)化的工作和生活環(huán)境，提高安全性，舒適度和工作效率。
人機(jī)工程學(xué)的應(yīng)用在我們身邊隨處可見，具體應(yīng)用包括但不局限于：
• 工作平臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)：在對(duì)工作工作臺(tái)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的時(shí)候應(yīng)用人機(jī)工程學(xué)原理，能夠幫助員工優(yōu)化工作姿勢(shì)， 確保舒適，高效的完成工作
• 布局設(shè)計(jì)/空間規(guī)劃:（Layout design/Space planning）人機(jī)工程學(xué)能夠提供有關(guān)用戶群體實(shí)際占用空間的數(shù)據(jù)（生物測(cè)量學(xué)），來幫助空間規(guī)劃工作人員為員工分配有效的空間以確保他們能夠安全高效的工作。
• 設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)：人機(jī)工程學(xué)原理可以應(yīng)用于設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)，借以優(yōu)化設(shè)備操作和維護(hù)過程中的人機(jī)工程要素。
• 人工物料搬運(yùn)：人機(jī)工程學(xué)原理可以幫助制定有效安全的物料搬運(yùn)方案。
Ergonomics is the study of human characteristics（Anthropometry and biomechanics）to develop the appropriate design of the living and working environments to increase safety, comfort and productivity.
The application of ergonomics can be found all around us。 Specific area includes but is not limited to following application:
• Design the office and workstation to suit the capabilities of the individual. Ergonomics principles utilized in the selection of workstation furniture and in workstation set-up help individual optimize there working posture to be comfortable and productive.
• Space planning (For example: maintenance clearance & accessibility). Ergonomics support good space planning by providing data on physical dimensions of user population so that space planner can allocate adequate space for workers to perform their job safely and effectively
• Equipment design. Ergonomics principles are utilized in the design of manufacture equipment to optimize ergonomics factors during equipment operation and maintenance which helps ensure a vase majority of end users can safely and effectively work with the equipment.
• Manual material handling. Ergonomics principles help to design effective and safe material handling solution.
² 人機(jī)工程傷害介紹What is ergonomics injury?
員工在工作中發(fā)生的與人機(jī)工程相關(guān)的傷害。具體是指由于從事重復(fù)性，不舒服的姿勢(shì)，過度用力的工作或其他人機(jī)工程學(xué)危害因素引起的手部，手腕，脖子，肩膀，后背和肘部的肌肉骨骼類疾病。 比如：網(wǎng)球肘，鼠標(biāo)手，腕管綜合癥
Ergonomic hazards refer to workplace conditions that pose the risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system of the worker. Injuries resulting from ergonomic hazards show-up in the hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders, neck and back. While the bulk of such injuries are caused by repetitive and forceful movements, vibration, and awkward postures that arise from improper work methods and improperly designed workstations, tools, and equipment also contribute to many of them.
Examples of musculoskeletal injuries include tennis elbow (an inflammation of a tendon in the elbow) and carpal tunnel syndrome (a condition affecting the hand and wrist).
² 人機(jī)工程學(xué)的重要性Why ergonomics is so imp0rtant for employer and employee
ü 降低成本。 通過減少員工傷害的數(shù)量， 從而降低員工休病假或者員工喪失一定的工作能力而造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。
ü 提高生產(chǎn)力。好的人機(jī)工程方案可以幫助提高生產(chǎn)力。一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)良好的工作平臺(tái)可以讓員工保持舒服的姿勢(shì)，并減少不當(dāng)?shù)挠昧Α?/p>
ü 提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。不合理的人機(jī)工程設(shè)計(jì)容易讓員工疲勞，積極性受挫。當(dāng)一個(gè)工作需要過多的體力，員工則會(huì)無法按照培訓(xùn)的要求進(jìn)行正確的操作。
ü 調(diào)動(dòng)員工的積極性。良好的安全健康環(huán)境會(huì)使員工感到公司的關(guān)懷。如果員工在工作中很少感到疲勞， 不適，離職率和缺席律會(huì)相應(yīng)的降低。而員工士氣和積極性也會(huì)相應(yīng)的提高。
ü 幫助創(chuàng)建一個(gè)良好的健康安全文化環(huán)境。人機(jī)工程的投入可以體現(xiàn)出一個(gè)公司對(duì)健康安全文化的重視。
ü Ergonomics reduces costs. By systematically reducing ergonomic risk factors, you can reduce employee’s sick leave days by prevent MSDs(ergo injury)
ü Ergonomics improves productivity. The best ergonomic solutions will often improve productivity. By designing a job to allow for good posture, less exertion, fewer motions and better heights and reaches, the workstation becomes more efficient.
ü Ergonomics improves quality. Poor ergonomics leads to frustrated and fatigued workers that don’t do their best work. When the job task is too physically taxing on the worker, they may not perform their job like they were trained. For example, an employee might not fasten a screw tight enough due to a high force requirement which could create a product quality issue.
ü Ergonomics improves employee engagement. Employees notice when the company is putting forth their best efforts to ensure their health and safety. If an employee does not experience fatigue and discomfort during their workday, it can reduce turnover, decrease absenteeism, improve morale and increase employee involvement.
ü Ergonomics creates a better safety culture. Ergonomics shows your company’s commitment to safety and health as a core value. Healthy employees are your most valuable asset; creating and fostering the safety & health culture at your company will lead to better human performance for your organization.
